Fr. Roger J. Landry
St. Agnes Church, Manhattan
First Sunday of Lent
March 1, 2020
2 Cor 6:1-10, Mt 4:1-11
To listen to an audio recording of today’s homily, please click below:
The following text guided today’s homily:
- Day by day, concern about the coronavirus (COVID-19) has been spreading faster than coronavirus itself. In different parts of the world, cities and villages have become ghost towns, bustling airports have been emptied, roads barricaded, schools closed, Ash Wednesday services cancelled. Here in the U.S., prices for Purell hand sanitizers have skyrocketed — $109 for a four-pack on Amazon this morning — and disposable face masks are in such short supply that Surgeon General Jerome Adams yesterday tweeted begging the public to stop buying them because there are not enough for health care providers. Tomorrow morning the United Nations will decide whether effectively to cancel, except for pro forma activities, the upcoming Commission on the Status of Women so that more than 12,000 delegates from different parts of the world do not travel here. Then there are the fears about the collateral damage the virus will cause to the economy, to jobs, to schools, even to religious activities. We can debate as to whether the attention being given to the coronavirus by international and national leaders, the media, and people in general has been excessive, proportionate, or inadequate, but it is noteworthy how much focus is being given to this virus, its infection and fatality rates, where it originated, its mechanism of action, the time needed to develop a vaccine. People are concerned. They are on high alert. They are taking action against an enemy that can attack the body, bring about sickness and, in one out of 50 cases, earthly death.
- On this First Sunday of Lent, the Church each year wants us to ask whether we are taking as seriously an even more virulent enemy of the soul, the animavirus (“virus of the soul”) that can bring about deep spiritual sickness and even eternal death. The devil and demons have already spread their capsids across the planet. Through successful temptations, they’ve already infected many. Are we on high alert? Are we looking for things to help us prevent being infected and preventing those we love from being infected? Are we going into a voluntary quarantine during 40 days to build up our spiritual immune system so that we’ll able more effectively to fight against the unseen invaders? Are we getting the medicine we need from the Divine Physician? These questions provide the context for us to appreciate how important the word of God is that we hear on this first Sunday of Lent, as we go with Jesus into the desert.
- Most people have no desire at all to go to the desert, certainly for no more than a brief visit. At a spiritual level, however, we should always have a great love for the desert, because the desert is what helps us to understand the 40-day pilgrimage of Lent, in which we join and imitate Jesus in the desert and ponder the fruits of what he learned and experienced there upon his return. Every Lent, the same Holy Spirit whom St. Luke tells us led Jesus into the desert wants to guide us into the desert with him. Lent is meant to help us recapitulate Christ’s 40 days away from everything so that we, apart from distractions, can focus on who we are, on our relationship with God and others and, with Christ’s help, can confront and overcome the way that the devil seeks to distort those relations and that image. It’s a time for us to make sure, as St. Paul reminds us today in the Epistle, that we’re not receiving the grace of God in vain. It’s an opportunity for us, like St. Paul, to examine whether any “fault may be found with our ministry” or life, whether we’re commending ourselves as believers or ministers of God through endurance, afflictions, hardships, labors, vigils, fasts, in purity, patience, knowledge, unfeigned love, truthful speech and the power of God, or whether we’re causing others to stumble. It’s an occasion for us to recognize, as he reminds us, that “Now is the day of salvation,” now is the much awaited and joyful time of our rescue and liberation.
- To go into the desert, however, is increasingly difficult for people today. We’re so connected that if we are out of cell phone range we can easily feel totally lost. While the Lord is not calling us all physically to go to the Arabah, or Mohavi or Sahara, he is calling us to the state of the desert, removing ourselves from distractions, from the television, computer, radio, newspaper, and the various things that may be fine in themselves but crowd our lives with so much noise that we can’t hear God and so much clutter that we can’t see God. The first temptation we face each Lent is to refuse to go into the desert with Christ, to think that our Lent can be complete if, for example, all we do is give up chocolate and potato chips. The first big hurdle is for us to hear Christ’s voice from the desert saying, “Come away to a deserted place all by yourselves and rest a while” (Mk 6:31).
- The next lesson we need to grasp is what is supposed to be the fruit of our time in the desert, and that leads us to today’s Gospel. Today’s scene is particularly special, because the only way the evangelists would have known about it would have been if Christ had told it to his disciples himself. No one else was there. The Lord must have opened up his heart to them about this seminal moment in his hidden life, which occurred immediately after he was baptized in the Jordan by John the Baptist (Mk 1:12). The Holy Spirit led him into the huge fifteen-by-thirty-five mile expanse between the mountain of Jerusalem and the Dead Sea so that he could pray to the Father about the public ministry that he was about to commence. He prayed and fasted for forty days, which obviously would have left him physically weakened. It was at this moment of fatigue that the Devil came to him to tempt him. Much like God the Father had once allowed Job to be tested, the same Father allowed his Son to be tempted. In the temptations Jesus suffered and later described to his disciples, the devil brought out in a pristine form the types of temptation that Christ would undergo in his public ministry and that each of us undergoes in our lives. By focusing on how Christ responded, we, too, can learn how to receive his mercy and help so that we might be able to react as Jesus did.
- The first temptation was aimed right at Jesus’ tremendous hunger after 40 days of eating nothing or barely anything: “If you are the Son of God, command that these stones become loaves of Bread.” When the Israelites were in the desert, Satan successfully tempted them to grumble to God to feed them (Ex 16:3ff). Satan was tempting Jesus to recapitulate the Israelites’ lack of trust in God and Jesus would have nothing of it. Satan also was trying to tempt Jesus away from his mission and Jesus would have no part of that either. Jesus had come to save people, to feed their most important hunger — the hunger of their souls — and Satan was trying to induce him, as Archbishop Sheen used to say, to become a baker rather than a Savior. To feed people’s physical hunger would be a great way to win a crowd and become popular. Herbert Hoover, we know, won the Presidency in 1928 with the ad, “A chicken in every pot!” After Jesus fed five-thousand men with the multiplication of the five loaves and two fish, great crowds followed him, “not because [they] saw signs,” Jesus lamented, “but because [they] ate [their] fill of the loaves” (Jn 6:26). Hunger is the most basic human need and the devil was tempting Christ to bribe others to follow him. But Jesus himself was already living off a greater source of food and was preparing to train disciples to seek this same celestial nutrition: “Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.” This same insight he passed on to the crowds when they were following him to have their stomachs satiated: “Do not work for the food that perishes, but for the food that endures for eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you” (Jn 6:27). All of us in the Church need to remember what this greatest food source of all is. Do we live off of God’s word? Is hunger for God our deepest craving? There is no shortage of people who live by their stomachs alone. St. Paul says to the Philippians that there are many who are “enemies of the Cross of Christ” because their “god is their stomach” (Phil 3:19). Lent is the time Christ calls us all to resist that temptation and to seek first this heavenly food and live by it, trusting that, as he promised, everything else will be given to us besides (Mt 6:33). Lent is the time in which we grow in our trust for God’s providence, that he loves us more than the lilies of the field and the birds of the air, that he will give us each day our daily bread, so that the devil is not able to tempt us by our tummies.
- In the second temptation, the devil tried to tempt Jesus to test God the Father. “If you are the Son of God,” he chortled, “throw yourself down, for it is written, ‘He will command his angels concerning you, to protect you,’ and ‘with their hands they will support you, lest you dash your foot against a stone’” (cf. Ps 91). The devil, we remember, had succeeded in getting the Israelites to test God while they were in the desert. He got them to complain that Moses had brought them out into the desert to kill them and their children of thirst, and as a result they were about ready to kill Moses. They cynically complained, “Is the Lord among us or not?” (Ex 17:1-7). Jesus didn’t succumb to the same temptation. He replied, “It is written, ‘Do not put the Lord your God to the test.’” This is the temptation to be presumptuous with God, to do things that will force God’s hand, to coerce the Father into protecting us no matter what. By this temptation, the devil tries to get us to re-create our relationship with God on our terms rather than God’s; then, when God doesn’t seem to respond to that situation because such behavior harms us, the devil tries to use it to divide us even further from God. Some of us, for example, can smoke a pack of cigarettes a day for several decades and then expect God to cure us of lung cancer simply because we ask him politely in prayer. Some students can blow off their studies all semester and then expect God to help them steal a good grade on their exams. We can put ourselves repeatedly in near occasions of sin and then expect God to save us from the consequences of the slippery slope into serious sin that result. Again and again the devil tries to tempt us to do something reckless and make us expect God to rescue us. Jesus passed onto his disciples his response to the devil’s temptation, so that we could make it our own: “You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.” Rather than dig a hole and expect God to get us out of it, Jesus says, don’t dig the hole. Rather than risk physical or spiritual injury and expect God to prevent the harm, Jesus says, don’t behave, literally, like a daredevil. Lent is a time in which we open ourselves up to God’s mercy that prevents us from being presumptuous with him. Rather than presumptuously throwing ourselves down from precipices, these forty days are a time in which we learn anew to throw ourselves up into God’s outstretched merciful arms.
- In the third temptation, the devil presented Jesus with a vision of all the kingdoms of the world and said to him “All these I shall give to you, if you will prostrate yourself and worship me.” Jesus was about to announce that his kingdom is at hand, but we know that his kingdom was going to come about through humility and the Cross. The “father of lies” (Jn 8:44) was proposing a short cut, another way, an easier way, if Jesus just caved into what today we call a Faustian Bargain. The devil had gotten the Israelites in the desert to succumb to this temptation to worship him in a golden calf, rather than to trust in the God with whom Moses was speaking on the mountain. But he failed with Jesus, who said to him, “Get away, Satan! It is written, “The Lord, your God, shall you worship and him alone shall you serve.” The devil likewise tempts us to compromise our relationship with God, with the truth, with the principles that flow from God, in order to get ahead or to get what we want. Often the devil disguises these temptations in terms of the pursuit of power, prestige, profit or privilege. He’ll get candidates for political office to give in to the temptation to compromise the principles of faith in order to get elected or re-elected. He’ll get students in school to cheat on exams to get a better grade. He’ll get those who are gifted with the ability to speak well to use their eloquence and charm to manipulate and fleece people. He’ll get those blessed with physical beauty to use their good looks to try to seduce their way to the top. He’ll tempt those who have a job to put working and the money one can earn ahead of worshipping the Lord on the Lord’s Day and building up a treasure in heaven. It is a perennial temptation to seek to achieve something worldly by compromising our relationship with God and his moral law, to serve the “ruler of this world” rather than the one, true God. Jesus told his disciples about this third struggle he faced so that we could learn from him that and how we are called to worship the Lord our God and serve him alone. And God in his mercy liberally extends to us the grace of conversion in Lent so that we might recognize our idols, and turn away from them to love the true God, serving him with all our mind, heart, soul and strength.
- The last line of St. Luke’s version of the account says that the Devil subjected Jesus to “every test” (v. 13), but Jesus never succumbed. In the letter to the Hebrews, we learn that “we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who in every respect has been tested as we are, yet never sinned” (Heb 4:15). But Jesus is more than sympathetic. He went into the desert for 40 days to be tempted to show us the way to overcome temptations, by imitating him and his responses. But we have to get practical. How do we imitate and live Jesus’ responses to the devil? How do we grow in strength against temptation? Jesus tells us in St. Mark’s Gospel, that some devils are expunged “only by prayer and fasting” (Mk 9:29). That is why, at the beginning of every Lent on Ash Wednesday, the Church, to strengthen us, presents before us the need for us to pray, to fast and to give of ourselves and what we have toward others. The devil seeks to trick us to disorder our relationship with God, others and ourselves, and prayer, almsgiving and fasting are the respective antidotes. The more we pray to God and seek to know and do his will in our lives the less assailable we will be to the devil’s traps presumptuously to force God’s hand. The more we sacrifice ourselves and our belongings for the good of others, the less prone we will be to giving in to the devil’s seductions to give us power or control over others. The more we fast and place spiritual nourishment over material food, the less vulnerable we will be to be tempted by bread and other earthly pleasures. These three traditional practices of Lent are a great remedy, a merciful medicine, to the temptations of the Evil One, which is why the Church proposes them to us each year. And that’s why we need to make bold resolutions in Lent with regard to all three. St. Paul in his letter to the Ephesians, wrote, “In order to be able to stand against the wiles of the devil, put on the whole armor of God.” Prayer, fasting and almsgiving help us to do just that, because they help us to “put on Christ” (Rom 13:14), who himself prayed unceasingly, who fasted for 40 days, who gave himself until his last drop of blood. Lent is an annual spiritual desert boot camp the Church gives us so that we might train, yet again, to be victorious in this most important battle we’ll ever fight.
- “Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.” Jesus refused to change a stone into bread for the devil; but for us, his beloved flock, he is about to change bread into his own flesh and blood. He is the word that comes from the mouth of God and now that God wants to put that Word-made-flesh in our mouths. This is the greatest inoculation against animaviruses, those that attack our soul. As we prepare to receive Jesus today and worship him, the Lord our God and serve him alone, we ask him for the graces to live this 40-day calling us to “come with him apart from the crowds to a deserted place” in the most bold and holy way possible, so that we can experience the joy that comes from repentance, faith, and overflowing of his mercy, and become signs with him to the whole world that this is the time of fulfillment, this is the kairos of mercy, this is the day of salvation and the kingdom of God is at hand.
These were the readings of today’s Mass:
A reading from the Second Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians
Working together, then, we appeal to you not to receive the grace of God in vain. For he says: “In an acceptable time I heard you, and on the day of salvation I helped you.” Behold, now is a very acceptable time; behold, now is the day of salvation. We cause no one to stumble in anything, in order that no fault may be found with our ministry; on the contrary, in everything we commend ourselves as ministers of God, through much endurance, in afflictions, hardships, constraints, beatings, imprisonments, riots, labors, vigils, fasts; by purity, knowledge, patience, kindness, in a holy spirit, in unfeigned love, in truthful speech, in the power of God; with weapons of righteousness at the right and at the left; through glory and dishonor, insult and praise. We are treated as deceivers and yet are truthful; as unrecognized and yet acknowledged; as dying and behold we live; as chastised and yet not put to death; as sorrowful yet always rejoicing; as poor yet enriching many; as having nothing and yet possessing all things.
The continuation of the Gospel according to St. Matthew
Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil. He fasted for forty days and forty nights, and afterwards he was hungry. The tempter approached and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command that these stones become loaves of bread.” He said in reply, “It is written: ‘One does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes forth from the mouth of God.’” Then the devil took him to the holy city, and made him stand on the parapet of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down. For it is written: ‘He will command his angels concerning you’ and ‘with their hands they will support you, lest you dash your foot against a stone.’” Jesus answered him, “Again it is written, ‘You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test.’” Then the devil took him up to a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in their magnificence, and he said to him, “All these I shall give to you, if you will prostrate yourself and worship me.” At this, Jesus said to him, “Get away, Satan! It is written: ‘The Lord, your God, shall you worship and him alone shall you serve.’” Then the devil left him and, behold, angels came and ministered to him.
